CBD extraction: everything you need to know about the different methods

The most common method for extracting CBD uses high-pressure, temperature-controlled carbon dioxide, known as "supercritical CO2." CO2 acts as a solvent that extracts cannabinoids and terpenes from the hemp flower without degrading their properties. This technique preserves the integrity of the molecules, leaving no chemical residue. It is this technique that is used to produce "full spectrum" oils, which are very rich in active ingredients.

For retailers, supercritical CO2 extraction is a selling point: it guarantees pure, high-quality products that comply with current regulations. This "premium" method justifies the slightly higher retail price of the products it enables.

Extracting CBD using solvents

Less expensive than CO2 extraction,CBD extraction using solvents involves immersing hemp flowers in a solvent that dissolves the cannabinoids before evaporation. The solvents used are mostly chemical in origin: ethanol, butane, propane, and isopropyl alcohol are the most commonly used.

This extraction method has the advantage of offering excellent yield. However, it can leave traces of solvent on the extracted CBD, and it is impossible to eliminate residues in the finished product. As a result, solvent extraction produces CBD products of varying quality. Furthermore, solvents can degrade other substances naturally present in the plant, such as terpenes and other cannabinoids that play a role in the flavors and properties of the finished product: this extraction method does not preserve the entourage effect, for example.

CBD extraction using solvents is used for processed products such as e-liquids or mid-range products. The products remain fully compliant with French regulations and safety standards, provided that consumers are informed about the extraction method used.

> See also: CBD and regulations in France: what professionals need to know

Oil-based CBD extraction

This is the simplest and most natural method: oil-based CBD extraction involves heating decarboxylated flowers in a vegetable oil (usually coconut oil or olive oil) so that the cannabinoids bind to the fats. Without the use of chemicals, this method is often used for organic CBD products and by small artisanal producers. 

For retailers, oil extraction is a guarantee of authenticity that can be highlighted to customers. However, this extraction method has a lower yield than supercritical CO2 or solvent extraction, and it produces products with a shorter shelf life, as the carrier oil can oxidize. Furthermore, the CBD content obtained using this method is often lower than that of products obtained using industrial processes.

• To sum up...

As you can see, there are several techniques for extracting CBD from hemp, each with its own advantages and limitations. While supercritical CO2 guarantees the purity and quality of the products, solvents offer an optimal cost/yield ratio, provided that they are subject to strict controls regarding residues. Oil extraction will appeal to retailers and customers who value natural and authentic products. 

As a retailer, it is essential that you are able to inform your customers about the specific characteristics of these extraction methods, so that they can consume your products safely and with confidence. Do you have questions about the extraction techniques used to make your products? Contact us!